Saturday, 25th - MODAL VERBS

INSTRUCTIONS

• FIRST YOU HAVE TO WATCH THE VIDEO AND PAUSE IT IF IT'S NECESARY!!!!

• SECOND, YOU MUST COPY ALL INFORMATION ABOUT MODAL VERBS IN YOUR NOTEBOOKS

• AND THIRD YOU MUST DO THE EXERCISES AND SEND THEM TO MY MAIL.

jorg34ndr3s@hotmail.com

bye bye see you next...

MODAL VERBS

What are Modal Verbs? Modal verbs are special verbs which behave very differently from normal verbs. Here are some important differences: 1. Modal verbs do not take "-s" in the third person. Examples: ·       He can speak Chinese. ·       She should be here at 9:00. 2. You use "not" to make modal verbs negative, even in Simple Present and Simple Past. Examples: ·       He should not be late. ·       They might not come to the party. 3. Many modal verbs cannot be used in the past tenses or the future tenses. Examples: ·       He will can go with us. Not Correct ·       She musted study very hard. Not Correct Common Modal Verbs Can Could May Might Must Ought to Shall Should Will Would Have to For the purposes of this tutorial, we have included some expressions which are not modal verbs including had better, have to, and have got to. These expressions are closely related to modals in meaning and are often interchanged with them.

Have To

"Have to" is used to express certainty, necessity, and obligation.



Examples:

·      
This answer has to be correct. 

certainty

·      
The soup has to be stirred continuously to prevent burning. 

necessity

·      
They have to leave early. 

obligation

Using "Have to" in Present, Past, and Future

"Have to" behaves quite irregularly in the past and the future. Study the chart below to learn how "have to" behaves in different contexts.

Must

"Must" is most commonly used to express certainty. It can also be used to express necessity or strong recommendation, although native speakers prefer the more flexible form "have to." "Must not" can be used to prohibit actions, but this sounds very severe; speakers prefer to use softer modal verbs such as "should not" or "ought not" to dissuade rather than prohibit.

Examples:

·      
This must be the right address! 

certainty

·      
Students must pass an entrance examination to study at this school. 

necessity

·      
You must take some medicine for that cough. 

strong recommendation

·      
Jenny, you must not play in the street! 

prohibition

Could

"Could" is used to express possibility or past ability as well as to make suggestions and requests. "Could" is also commonly used in

conditional

 sentences as the conditional form of "can."

Examples:

·      
Extreme rain could cause the river to flood the city. 

possibility

·      
Nancy could ski like a pro by the age of 11. 

past ability

·      
You could see a movie or go out to dinner. 

suggestion

·      
Could

 I use your computer to email my boss? 

request

·      
We could go on the trip if I didn't have to work this weekend. 

conditional

Would

"Would" is most commonly used to create conditional verb forms. It also serves as the past form of the modal verb "will." Additionally, "would" can indicate repetition in the past. For more information on the grammar behind the modal verb "would," visit the following tutorials:

Conditional Tutorial

, 

Future in the Past

, and 

Would Always

.

Examples:

·      
If he were an actor, he would be in adventure movies. 

conditional

·      
I knew that she would be very successful in her career. 

past of "will"

·      
When they first met, they would always have picnics on the beach. 

repetition

Should

"Should" is most commonly used to make recommendations or give advice. It can also be used to express obligation as well as expectation.

Examples:

·      
When you go to Berlin, you should visit the palaces in Potsdam. 

recommendation

·      
You should focus more on your family and less on work. 

advice

·      
I really should be in the office AT 7:00 AM. 

obligation

·      
By now, they should already be in Dubai. 

expectation

May

"May" is most commonly used to express possibility. It can also be used to give or request permission, although this usage is becoming less common.

Examples:

·      
Chery

 may be at home, or perhaps at work. possibility

·      
Johnny, you may leave the table when you have finished your dinner. 

give permission

·      
May

 I use your bathroom? 

request permission

Shall

"Shall" is used to indicate future action. It is most commonly used in sentences with "I" or "we," and is often found in suggestions, such as "Shall we go?" "Shall" is also frequently used in promises or voluntary actions. In formal English, the use of "shall" to describe future events often expresses inevitability or predestination. "Shall" is much more commonly heard in British English than in American English; Americans prefer to use other forms, although they do sometimes use "shall" in suggestions or formalized language.

Examples:

·      
Shall

 I help you? suggestion

·      
I shall never forget where I came from. 

promise

·      
He shall become our next king. 

predestination

·      
I'm afraid Mr. Smith shall become our new director. 

inevitability

Will

"Will" is used with promises or voluntary actions that take place in the future. "Will" can also be used to make predictions about the future. For more information on using "will" and associated exercises, visit the 

Simple Future

 section of our 

Verb Tense Tutorial

.

Examples:

·      
I promise that I will write you every single day. 

promise

·      
I will make dinner tonight. 

voluntary action

·      
He thinks it will rain tomorrow. 

prediction

Can

"Can" is one of the most commonly used modal verbs in English. It can be used to express ability or opportunity, to request or offer permission, and to show possibility or impossibility.

Examples:

·      
I can ride a horse. 

ability

·      
We can stay with my brother when we are in Paris. 

opportunity

·      
She cannot stay out after 10 PM. 

permission

·      
Can

 you hand me the stapler? 

request

·      
Any child can grow up to be president. 

possibility

Ought To

"Ought to" is used to advise or make recommendations. "Ought to" also expresses assumption or expectation as well as strong probability, often with the idea that something is deserved. "Ought not" (without "to") is used to advise against doing something, although Americans prefer the less formal forms "should not" or "had better not."

Examples:

·      
You ought to stop smoking. 

recommendation

·      
Jim ought to get the promotion. It is expected because he deserves it.

·      
This stock ought to increase in value. 

probability

·      
Mark ought not drink so much. advice against something (notice there is no "to")

Notice "Ought not"
Remember that "ought to" loses the "to" in the negative. Instead of "ought not to," we say "ought not." "Ought not" is more commonly used in British English. Americans prefer "should not."

Examples:

·       You ought not smoke so much.

Observa las siguientes oraciones:

-  We have to know daily what the prices are.    Tenemos que conocer a diario cuáles son los precios.

-  Every day Robinson has to fax his opinion on the politics.    Todos los días Robinson tiene que faxear su opinión sobre la política.

En ambos ejemplos el verbo modal have to se usa para expresar una obligación. Pero no todos los niveles de obligación tienen la misma intensidad. Para expresar diferentesGrados de Obligación, puedes utilizar los siguientes verbos modales:

OBLIGACION o NECESIDAD	OBLIGACION MODERADA o CONSEJO	AUSENCIA DE OBLIGACION o NECESIDAD
have to	should / shouldn't	don't have to
must / mustn't	ought to	needn't
need to		don't need to
Es importante destacar que habitualmente existe una marcada diferencia entre musty have to (que los hispanoparlantes suelen no tener en cuenta):

a) MUST se usa para hablar acerca de lo que nosotros consideramos que es importante:

I must finish this today. (I would like to start working on the new project tomorrow) Debo terminar esto hoy. (Me gustaría comenzar a trabajar en el nuevo proyecto mañana).

b) HAVE TO se usa preferentemente para hablar acerca de una obligación impuesta desde afuera, externa a nosotros.

I have to attend a meeting. (The boss has asked me to attend the meeting). Tengo que asistir a una reunión. (El jefe me pidió que asistiese a la reunión).

Finalmente, observa ahora los diferentes significados que tienen las formas negativas de must y have to:

a) Usamos MUSTN'T para indicar que es importante no hacer algo, por ejemplo, por estar prohibido:

You mustn't tell Monica about this. (Don't tell her) No debes comentarle a Mónica acerca de esto. (No le comentes).

b) Usamos DON'T HAVE TO para indicar que no hay obligación de hacer algo, es decir, puedes hacerlo si lo deseas, pero no es necesario:

You don't have to tell Lisa. (You can tell her if you want to, but it isn't necessary) No tienes que comentárselo a Lisa. (Puedes comentárselo si lo deseas, pero no es necesario).

MODAL VERBS CAN AND SHOULD

Can you tell me about Mexico? Yes, I can.  /  No, I can't.	¿Me puedes comentar acerca de México? Sí, (puedo).  /  No, (no puedo).
What can you do there? You can see the Palace of Fine Arts.	¿Qué puedes (se puede) hacer allí? Puedes ver el Palacio de Bellas Artes.
Should I go to the Palace of Fine Arts? Yes, you should.  /  No, you shouldn't.	¿Debería (me aconsejas) ir al Palacio de Bellas Artes? Sí, deberías ir.  /  No, no te aconsejo ir.
What should I see there? You should visit the National Museum. You shouldn't miss the Pyramid of the Sun.	¿Qué debería ver allí? Deberías (Te aconsejo) visitar el Museo Nacional. No deberías perderte la Pirámide del Sol.

Activity 01: Te encuentras de visita en Buenos Aires, Argentina. De acuerdo con las explicaciones anteriores SELECCIONA de los menúes descolgables la opción MAS ADECUADA.

1.	You             can go           can see           should try           should spend           should visit           shouldn't miss           a tango show in Buenos Aires downtown.
2.	You             can go           can see           should try           should spend           should visit           shouldn't miss           the old Cabildo and the Cathedral.
3.	You             can go           can see           should try           should spend           should visit           shouldn't miss           Argentine beef and wines.
4.	You             can go           can see           should try           should spend           should visit           shouldn't miss           shopping at the flea markets in San Telmo.
5.	You             can go           can see           should try           should spend           should visit           shouldn't miss           a riverboat tour around Tigre islands.
6.	You             can go           can see           should try           should spend           should visit           shouldn't miss           a morning at the Museum of Fine Arts.

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Activity 02: RESPONDE las preguntas dentro de las celdas en blanco teniendo en cuenta la información EN ROJO.

1.	SPRING	What time of year should you go to Buenos Aires?
2.	SHOPPING, VISIT SAN TELMO AND MUSEUMS	What are three things you can do there?
3.	LEATHER ITEMS	Can you buy anything special?
4.	BARILOCHE, USHUAIA AND IGUAZU FALLS	What shouldn't a visitor miss in Argentina?
5.	GO OUT FAR AWAY	What shouldn't people do late at night?

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MODAL VERBS WOULD AND WILL FOR REQUESTS

What would you like to eat? I'd like a hamburger. I'll have a small salad.	¿Qué le gustaría (quisiera) comer? Quisiera (Me gustaría) una hamburguesa. Tomaré (Comeré) una ensalada chica.
What kind of dressing would you like? I'd like Italian, please. I'll have French.	¿Qué tipo de condimento le gustaría (quisiera)? Quisiera (Me gustaría) condimento italiano, por favor. Tomaré (Usaré) condimento francés.
What would you like to drink? I'd like a large soda. I'll have coffee.	¿Qué le gustaría (quisiera) beber? Quisiera (Me gustaría) una gaseosa grande. Tomaré (Beberé) café.
Would you like anything else? Yes, please. I'd like some water. No, thank you. That will be all.	¿Quiere alguna otra cosa? Sí, por favor. Quisiera algo de agua. No, gracias. Es todo.

CONTRACTIONS

I will I would

= =

I'll I'd

Activity 03: De acuerdo con las explicaciones anteriores COMPLETA esta conversación con VERBOS MODALES. Verifica luego las respuestas correctas ....

A:  What    you like to order?

B:  I    the fried chicken.

A:    you like rice or potatoes?

B:  Potatoes, please.

A:  What kind of potatoes would you  ? Baked or french fries?

B:  I    like french fries.

A:  OK. And what will you    to drink?

B:  I guess I    a cup of coffee.

A:  Would you    anything else?

B:  No, that    be all for now, thanks.